HYPERLOOP TECHNOLOGY: The Passenger Transport System.

HYPERLOOP TECHNOLOGY

THE PASSENGER TRANSPORT SYSTEM.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               

INTRODUCTION

 There are three type of transportation such as ship,rail & road. The Hyperloop is a high-speed transportation system proposed by Elon Musk’s SpaceX corporation in 2013. This system consists of transportation pods encapsulated within vacuum tubes, and will be used to transport freight and passengers across hundreds, and eventually thousands, of miles. The principal technology of the Hyperloop involves electromagnetic propulsion that moves capsules through tubes, reaching speeds of 700 miles per hour.  Hyperloop is a new mode of transport and particular it is inexpensive for people and goods.The capsules are accelerated via a magnetic linear accelerator affixed at various stations on the low pressure tube with rotors contained in each capsule.Passengers may enter and exit Hyperloop at stations located either at the ends of the tube, or branches along the tube length.

CONCEPT

Two versions of the Hyperloop capsules are being consider:

a passenger only version and a passenger plus vehicle version. Hyperloop Passenger Capsule Assuming an average departure time of 2 minutes between capsules, a minimum of 28 passengers per capsule are required to meet 840 passengers per hour. It is possible to further increase the Hyperloop capacity by reducing the time between departures. The current baseline requires up to 40 capsules in activity during rush hour,6 of which are at the terminals for loading and unloading of the passengers in approximately 5 minutes.

                       fig:-concept of  Hyperloop one

The passenger plus vehicle version of the Hyperloop will depart as often as the passenger only version, but will accommodate 3 vehicles in addition to the passengers. All subsystems discussed in the following sections are featured on both capsules.

 Fig:-Hyperloop system.

For travel at high speeds, the greatest power requirement is normally to overcome air resistance. Aerodynamic drag increases with the square of speed, and thus the power requirement increases with the cube of speed. Hyperloop encloses the capsules in a reduce pressure tube. This is an operating pressure of 100  Pascals, which reduces the drag force of the air by 1,000 times relative to sea level conditions and would be equivalent to flying above 150,000 feet altitude. A hard vacuum is avoided as vacuums are expensive and difficult to maintain with low pressure solutions. Despite the low pressure, aerodynamic challenges must still be addressed. These include managing the formation of shock waves when the speed of the capsule approaches the speed of sound,and the air resistance increases sharply. Close to the cities where more turns must be navigated, capsule travel at lower speed. This reduces the accelerations felt by the passengers, and also reduces power requirements for the capsule. The capsules travel at760 mph (1,220 kph, Mach 0.91 at 68 ºF or 20 ºC).The proposed capsule geometry houses several distinct systems to reside within the outer mold line.

1.CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING

1.1 Compressor.

      

Fig:- Compressor.

One important feature of the capsule is the on board compressor, which serves two purposes. This system allows the capsule to traverse the relatively narrow tube without choking flow that travels between the capsule and the tube walls by compressing air that is bypassed through the capsule. It also supplies air to air bearings that support the weight of the capsule throughout the journey.

1.2 Tube

                                                     

                       Fig:-Hyperloop tube.                                                    

The tube is made of steel. There are two tubes which are welded together side by side configuration to allow the capsules travel in both directions. The tube will be supported by pillars. There is a solar arrays are provided on a top of the tubes for the purpose of power to the supply.

1.3.Interior of  hyperloop one

                          Fig:- Interior of hyperloop.

The interior of the capsule is specifically designed with passenger safety and comfort in mind. The seats conform well to the body to maintain comfort during the high speed accelerations experienced during travel. Beautiful landscape will be displayed in the cabin and each passenger will have access their own personal entertainment.

1.4 Suspension       

                                            

                     Fig:-Hyperloop Suspension.

Suspending the capsule within the tube presents a substantial technical challenge due to transoceanic cruising velocities. Conventional wheel and axle systems become impractical at high speed due frictional losses and dynamic instability. A viable technical solution is magnetic levitation; however the cost associated with material and construction is prohibitive. An alternative to these conventional options is an air bearing suspension.

Air bearings offer stability and extremely low drag at a feasible cost by exploiting the ambient atmosphere in the tube.When the gap height between a ski and the tube wall is reduced, the flow field in the gap exhibits a highly non-linear reaction resulting in large restoring pressures. The increased pressure pushes the ski away from the wall, allowing it to return to its nominal ride height. While a stiff air bearing suspension is superb for reliability and safety, it could create considerable discomfort for passengers on board.

MERITS AND DEMERITS OF HYPERLOOP TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

Merits

1. It saves the travelling time.

2. There is no problem of traffic.

3. It is powered by the solar panel.

4. It can travel in any kind of weather.

5. Cost of hyperloop is low.

6. Not disruptive to those along the route.

7. More convenient.

8. Resistance to earthquake.

Demerits

1. Turning will be critical.

2. Less movable space for passenger.

3. High speed might cause dizziness in some passenger.

4. Punctured tunnel could cause shock waves.

CONCLUSION

1. A high speed transportation system known as Hyperloop.

2. Hyperloop transportation system can be used over the conventional modes of transportation that are rail, road, water and air.

3. At very high speed it provides better comfort and cost is also low.

4. By reducing the pressure of the air in the tube which reduces simple air drag and enables the capsule to move faster than through a tube at atmospheric pressure.

FUTURE WORK

1. Improve the passenger capacity.

2. Detailed station designs with loading and unloading of passenger3. Safety features improvement.